youtube-dl is a general purpose tool, a bit like the wget or curl for streaming videos. It is written in Python and, as such, is quite portable, but to to further simplify (and sandbox) its dependencies, etc., it can also be containerised.
Sometime in late 2021, changes at YouTube's end resulted in download speeds dropping from link-constrained to approx. 60 kbps. Between this (rather significant) constraint, and the addition of several new features, I have switched to using a fork, and 'drop-in' replacement of youtube-dl, YT-DLP.
To run youtube-dl (or its fork, yt-dlp) within a containerised environment, you can use the following Dockerfile:
FROM debian:10 RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade RUN apt-get install -y curl python3 && ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python RUN apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ffmpeg RUN curl -L https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl && chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl WORKDIR /data ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/youtube-dl" ]
To rebuild / update this container, issue the following commands:
docker image rm youtube-dl:latest docker build -t youtube-dl:latest .
The following shell scripts invoke youtube-dl / yt-dlp in a more-or-less transparent way, saving the downloaded file(s) in the current working directory:
#!/bin/bash if [ -z "${OUTPUT_TEMPLATE}" ]; then OUTPUT_TEMPLATE='%(upload_date)s - %(title)s (YT-%(id)s).%(ext)s' fi docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)",target=/data youtube-dl "$@" --ignore-errors --format 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best' --output "${OUTPUT_TEMPLATE}"
#!/bin/bash youtube-dl $1 --no-playlist
docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)",target=/data youtube-dl --write-auto-sub --sub-lang en --sub-format srv1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0Qp3McD3j0
YT-DLP can also access a browser's cookies directly using the --cookies-from-browser ${BROWSER_TYPE} flag; supported browser types include chrome and firefox